P1 - First Submission

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Omniya Tajni
P1: Explain the different techniques for animations using examples of your choice to support. 


Stop Motion Animation

This is a cinematographic technique where the camera is repeatedly stopped and started. To make this animation you shoot one still frame, move the characters slightly, then shoot another and then repeat it the amount of times you want in order to make a little animation. While each individual frame may not be so tough, the overall effort is massive. George Melies accidentally identified this technique when his camera jammed but it was not fully recognised as much as it is now. The first stop motion animation to be made was by J. Stuart Blackton & Albert E. Smith for Vitagraph's The Humpty Dumpty Circus and this was released in 1898. The main software packages individuals use to make stop motion animation is called Animator HD. In the 1870's, Leland Stanford began a debate about whether all four feet of a trotting horse are ever off the ground at the same time & looked for a way to solve the question. He assigned someone to photograph one of his horses. In 1877 the photographer then placed 12 stereoscopic cameras along the racetrack and this then became the first known stop motion animation. Modern examples for stop motion animation include: Coraline & Fantastic Mr. Fox. 

 Claymation Animation

 This is a form of stop motion animation however each part (characters/background) are made of a workable material made from clay that can be deformed to change shape. After these are created stop motion photography is then used and each picture is played back to create the illusion of movement. Claymation is a combination of clay and animation put together. The best clay to use for this is Plastilina clay. Once you have made your clay and got them in the right positions, you can use any of the stop motion software to create the animation. The first claymation film to be made was 'The Sculptor's Welsh Rarebit Dream' this was produced in 1908 by Edison Manufacturing. However the term claymation was officially identified & trademarked in 1978 by Will Vinton even though it has been around for as long as the early film era during the early 1900's. Claymation grew from 1916 to 1959. From 1970 to 2000 films like Wallace & Gromit grew in production. Shaun the Sheep was created with CGI from 2001 to 2017. 

 Motion Capture Animation

 This type of animation transfers the movement of an actor into a digital character. Optical systems work by tracking position markers or features in 3D and with this they assemble the data into the actors movement. This type of technology is hugely used in entertainment, especially in the gaming and film making industry. The way that this type of animation is created is that the actors are placed little lights or LED's on different places of their body. These movements of the lights are then captured by a specialised motion capture software and then it allowed the motion capture process to be created. It is said that every movement from the actors is tracked by a set of more than 100 fixed cameras and then sent to a computer to be attached to a chosen 3D character.The use of motion capture had begun in the 1970's and is now becoming widespread and known by many media industries.

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